Publications

HIGHLIGHTED PAPERS

1. Vervoort D, Swain JD, Pezzella AT, Kpodonu J. Cardiac Surgery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A State-of-the-Art Review. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Aug 6:S0003-4975(20)31293-5. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.181. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32771467.

2. Vervoort D, Meuris B, Meyns B, Verbrugghe P. Global cardiac surgery: access to cardiac surgical care around the world. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg [Internet]. 2019 May 1; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.04.039

3. Vervoort D, Vinck EE, Tiwari KK, Tapaua N. Cardiac Surgery and Small Island States: A Bridge Too Far? Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Jul 25:S0003-4975(20)31206-6. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.150. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32721454.

4: Zilla P, Bolman RM, Yacoub MH, Beyersdorf F, Sliwa K, Zühlke L, et al. The Cape Town Declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Aug 3; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.002

5: Swain JD, Sinnott C, Breakey S, Hasson Charles R, Mody G, Nyirimanzi N, et al. Ten-year clinical experience of humanitarian cardiothoracic surgery in Rwanda: Building a platform for ultimate sustainability in a resource-limited setting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Jun 1;155(6):2541–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.106

6: Yacoub M, ElGuindy A, Afifi A, Yacoub L, Wright G. Taking cardiac surgery to the people. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014 Dec;7(9):797-802. doi: 10.1007/s12265-014-9598-9. Epub 2014 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 25361602.

7: Yankah C, Fynn-Thompson F, Antunes M, Edwin F, Yuko-Jowi C, Mendis S, Thameur H, Urban A, Bolman R 3rd. Cardiac surgery capacity in sub-saharan Africa: quo vadis? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Aug;62(5):393-401. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383723. Epub 2014 Jun 23. PubMed PMID: 24955755.

8: Pezzella AT. Global aspects of cardiothoracic surgery with focus on developing countries. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2010 Jun;18(3):299-310. doi: 10.1177/0218492310370060. Review. PubMed PMID: 20519304.

9: Vervoort D, Swain JD, Fiedler AG. A Seat at the Table: The Cardiothoracic Surgeon as Surgeon-Advocate. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Dec 17:S0003-4975(20)32125-1. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.068. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33345784.

10: Vervoort D, Dearani JA, Starnes VA, Thourani VH, Nguyen TC. Brave New World: Virtual conferencing and surgical education in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 era. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Mar;161(3):748-752. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.07.094. Epub 2020 Aug 6. PMID: 32891447; PMCID: PMC7409975.

SELECT OTHER PAPERS

1: Villa-Hincapie CA, Carreno-Jaimes M, Obando-Lopez CE, Camacho-Mackenzie J, Umaña-Mallarino JP, Sandoval-Reyes NF. Risk Factors for Mortality in Reoperations for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery in a Developing Country. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2017 Jul;8(4):435-439. doi: 10.1177/2150135117704657. PubMed PMID: 28696882.

2: Yacoub M, Hosny H, Afifi A. Improving postoperative outcome of congenital heart surgery in low/middle-income countries: climbing mount excellence. Heart. 2017 Nov;103(21):1658-1659. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311395. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PubMed PMID: 28684439.

3: Gaies M, MacLaren G. Eliminating Postoperative Infections on a Budget: Collaborative Quality Improvement for Congenital Heart Surgery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017 Apr;10(4). pii: e003708. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003708. PubMed PMID: 28408717.

4: Khan A, Abdullah A, Ahmad H, Rizvi A, Batool S, Jenkins KJ, Gauvreau K, Amanullah M, Haq A, Aslam N, Minai F, Hasan B. Impact of International Quality Improvement Collaborative on Congenital Heart Surgery in Pakistan. Heart. 2017 Nov;103(21):1680-1686. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310533. Epub 2017 Apr 13. PubMed PMID: 28408415.

5: Lajos PS, Carpentier AF. Viện Tim Institut du Coeur: Success of a Congenital Heart Disease Center in a Developing Country. Ann Glob Health. 2016 Jul – Aug;82(4):621-624. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.08.002. PubMed PMID: 27986229.

6: Tettey M, Tamatey M, Edwin F. Cardiothoracic surgical experience in Ghana. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016 Oct;6(Suppl 1):S64-S73. Review. PubMed PMID: 27904844; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5119995.

7: Shahabuddin S, Hashmi S, Rakhshan SE, Khan JK, Sami SA, Amanullah M. Is Grown Up Congenital Heart (GUCH) disease different in a developing country? J Pak Med Assoc. 2016 Oct;66(Suppl 3)(10):S5-S7. PubMed PMID: 27895340.

8: Tefera E, Nega B, Yadeta D, Chanie Y. Humanitarian Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Can We Reshape the Model? World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2016 Nov;7(6):727-731. PubMed PMID: 27834766.

9: Saxton AT, Poenaru D, Ozgediz D, Ameh EA, Farmer D, Smith ER, Rice HE. Economic Analysis of Children’s Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 28;11(10):e0165480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165480. eCollection 2016. Review. PubMed PMID: 27792792; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5085034.

10: Mirabel M, Lachaud M, Offredo L, Lachaud C, Zuschmidt B, Ferreira B, Sidi D, Chauvaud S, Sok P, Deloche A, Marijon E, Jouven X. Cardiac surgery in low-income settings: 10 years of experience from two countries. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Feb;110(2):82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.05.006. Epub 2016 Oct 4. PubMed PMID:  27720166.

11: Zühlke L, Karthikeyan G, Engel ME, Rangarajan S, Mackie P, Cupido-Katya Mauff B, Islam S, Daniels R, Francis V, Ogendo S, Gitura B, Mondo C, Okello E, Lwabi P, Al-Kebsi MM, Hugo-Hamman C, Sheta SS, Haileamlak A, Daniel W, Goshu DY, Abdissa SG, Desta AG, Shasho BA, Begna DM, ElSayed A, Ibrahim AS, Musuku J, Bode-Thomas F, Yilgwan CC, Amusa GA, Ige O, Okeahialam B, Sutton C, Misra R, Abul Fadl A, Kennedy N, Damasceno A, Sani MU, Ogah OS, Elhassan TO, Mocumbi AO, Adeoye AM, Mntla P, Ojji D, Mucumbitsi J, Teo K, Yusuf S, Mayosi BM. Clinical Outcomes in 3343 Children and Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease From 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY Study). Circulation. 2016 Nov 8;134(19):1456-1466. Epub 2016 Oct 4. PubMed PMID: 27702773.

12: Edwin F, Entsua-Mensah K, Sereboe LA, Tettey MM, Aniteye EA, Tamatey MM, Adzamli I, Akyaa-Yao N, Gyan KB, Ofosu-Appiah E, Kotei D. Conotruncal Heart Defect Repair in Sub-Saharan Africa: Remarkable Outcomes Despite Poor Access to Treatment. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2016 Sep;7(5):592-9. doi: 10.1177/2150135116648309. PubMed PMID: 27587494.

13: Jaffer IH, Whitlock RP. A mechanical heart valve is the best choice. Heart Asia. 2016 Apr 28;8(1):62-4. doi: 10.1136/heartasia-2015-010660. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27326236; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4898622.

14: Dearani JA, Jacobs JP, Bolman RM 3rd, Swain JD, Vricella LA, Weinstein S, Farkas EA, Calhoon JH. Humanitarian Outreach in Cardiothoracic Surgery: From Setup to Sustainability. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 Sep;102(3):1004-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.062. Epub 2016 Jun 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 27319988.

15: Kwan GF, Mayosi BM, Mocumbi AO, Miranda JJ, Ezzati M, Jain Y, Robles G, Benjamin EJ, Subramanian SV, Bukhman G. Endemic Cardiovascular Diseases of the Poorest Billion. Circulation. 2016 Jun 14;133(24):2561-75. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.008731. Review. PubMed PMID: 27297348.

16: Grimaldi A, Mocumbi AO, Freers J, Lachaud M, Mirabel M, Ferreira B, Narayanan K, Celermajer DS, Sidi D, Jouven X, Marijon E. Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis: Natural History, Challenges, and Perspectives. Circulation. 2016 Jun 14;133(24):2503-15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.021178. Review. PubMed PMID: 27297343.

17: Corno AF. Paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery in emerging economies: surgical ‘safari’ versus educational programmes. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016 Jul;23(1):163-7. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivw069. Epub 2016 Mar 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 27001675; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4986744.

18: Reddy NS, Kappanayil M, Balachandran R, Jenkins KJ, Sudhakar A, Sunil GS, Raj RB, Kumar RK. Preoperative Determinants of Outcomes of Infant Heart Surgery in a Limited-Resource Setting. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Autumn;27(3):331-8. doi: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2015.09.008. Epub 2015 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 26708380.

19: Sasson L, Tamir A, Houri S, Betawe A, Darwazah AK, Kapusta L, Pivnick LE, Goldman BG. Mending Hearts and Building Bridges: The Save a Child’s Heart Foundation. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2016 Jan-Feb;22(1):89-98. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000348. PubMed PMID: 26594938.

20: Nguyen N, Leon-Wyss J, Iyer KS, Pezzella AT. Paediatric cardiac surgery in low-income and middle-income countries: a continuing challenge. Arch Dis Child. 2015 Dec;100(12):1156-9. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-308173. Epub 2015 Sep 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 26359507.

21: Patwary ME, Khan MS, Marwah A, Singh V, Shekhawat S, Sharma R. Arterial Switch for Transposition of the Great Arteries With Large Ventricular Septal Defect and for Taussig Bing Anomaly: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in the Developing World. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2015 Jul;6(3):413-21. doi: 10.1177/2150135115593128. PubMed PMID: 26180157.

22: Samarasinghe D. Moore’s law, Dabbawalas, and pediatric cardiac care in Sri Lanka. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2015 May-Aug;8(2):129-33. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.157026. PubMed PMID: 26085764; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4453181.

23: Saifuddin A, Shahabuddin S, Perveen S, Furnaz S, Sharif H. Towards excellence in cardiac surgery: experience from a developing country. Int J Qual Health Care. 2015 Aug;27(4):255-9. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzv040. Epub 2015 Jun 8. PubMed PMID: 26060228.

24: Nguyen N, Pezzella AT. Pediatric cardiac surgery in low- and middle-income countries or emerging economies: a continuing challenge. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2015 Apr;6(2):274-83. doi: 10.1177/2150135115574312. PubMed PMID: 25870347.

25: Aliku TO, Lubega S, Lwabi P, Oketcho M, Omagino JO, Mwambu T. Outcome of patients undergoing open heart surgery at the Uganda heart institute, Mulago hospital complex. Afr Health Sci. 2014 Dec;14(4):946-52. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.25. PubMed PMID: 25834506; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4370076.

26: Siddiqui WT, Usman T, Atiq M, Amanullah MM. Transcatheter versus surgical closure of atrial septum defect: a debate from a developing country. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2014;6(4):205-10. doi: 10.15171/jcvtr.2014.013. Epub 2014 Dec 30. PubMed PMID: 25610550; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4291597.

27: Seyoum N, Biluts H, Zemenfes D, Chane W, Seme A. Review of morbidity and mortality among patients adimitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2014 Apr;52(2):77-85. PubMed PMID: 25588288.

28: Mirabel M, Rattanavong S, Frichitthavong K, Chu V, Kesone P, Thongsith P, Jouven X, Fournier PE, Dance DA, Newton PN. Infective endocarditis in the Lao PDR: clinical characteristics and outcomes in a developing country. Int J Cardiol. 2015 Feb 1;180:270-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.184. Epub 2014 Nov 26. PubMed PMID: 25482077; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4323144.

29: McKavanagh P, Booth K, Blair L, McNeilly G, Varadarajan B, Nzewi O. Addressing discrepancies: personal experience of a cardiac mission programme in Africa. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Dec 20;177(3):794-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.180. Epub 2014 Oct 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 25449501.

30: Yacoub M, ElGuindy A, Afifi A, Yacoub L, Wright G. Taking cardiac surgery to the people. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2014 Dec;7(9):797-802. doi: 10.1007/s12265-014-9598-9. Epub 2014 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 25361602.

31: Backer CL. Humanitarian congenital heart surgery: template for success. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Dec;148(6):2489-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PubMed PMID: 25293359.

32: Young JN, Everett J, Simsic JM, Taggart NW, Litwin SB, Lusin N, Hasse L, Krivoshchekov EV, Marcin JP, Raff GW, Cetta F. A stepwise model for delivering medical humanitarian aid requiring complex interventions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Dec;148(6):2480-9.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.067. Epub 2014 Aug 4. Erratum in: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Mar;149(3):948-9. PubMed PMID: 25263713.

33: Yankah C, Fynn-Thompson F, Antunes M, Edwin F, Yuko-Jowi C, Mendis S, Thameur H, Urban A, Bolman R 3rd. Cardiac surgery capacity in sub-saharan Africa: quo vadis? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Aug;62(5):393-401. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383723. Epub 2014 Jun 23. PubMed PMID: 24955755.

34: Swain JD, Pugliese DN, Mucumbitsi J, Rusingiza EK, Ruhamya N, Kagame A, Ganza G, Come PC, Breakey S, Greenwood B, Muehlschlegel JD, Patton-Bolman C, Binagwaho A, Morton Bolman R. Partnership for sustainability in cardiac surgery to address critical rheumatic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa: the experience from Rwanda. World J Surg. 2014 Sep;38(9):2205-11. doi: 10.1007/s00268-014-2559-2. PubMed PMID: 24728579.

35: Nguyen N, Jacobs JP, Dearani JA, Weinstein S, Novick WM, Jacobs ML, Massey J, Pasquali SK, Walters HL 3rd, Drullinsky D, Stellin G, Tchervenkov CI. Survey of nongovernmental organizations providing pediatric cardiovascular care in low- and middle-income countries. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2014 Apr;5(2):248-55. doi: 10.1177/2150135113514458. PubMed PMID: 24668973; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4276142.

36: Thomson Mangnall LJ, Sibbritt DW, Fry M, Windus M, Gallagher RD. Health-related quality of life of patients after mechanical valve replacement surgery for rheumatic heart disease in a developing country. Heart Asia. 2014 Dec 9;6(1):172-8. doi: 10.1136/heartasia-2014-010562. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 27326199; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4832766.

37: Darr U, Chughtai SB, Khan TJ. Do outcomes justify emergence of new cardiac
centres. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 Aug;62(8):763-6. PubMed PMID: 23862245.

38: Geldenhuys A, Koshy JJ, Human PA, Mtwale JF, Brink JG, Zilla P. Rheumatic mitral repair versus replacement in a threshold country: the impact of commissural fusion. J Heart Valve Dis. 2012 Jul;21(4):424-32. PubMed PMID: 22953666.

39: Adams C, Kiefer P, Ryan K, Smith D, McCabe G, Allen P, Sridhar K, Torres P, Chu MW. Humanitarian cardiac care in Arequipa, Peru: experiences of a multidisciplinary Canadian cardiovascular team. Can J Surg. 2012 Jun;55(3):171-6. doi: 10.1503/cjs.029910. PubMed PMID: 22630071; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3364304.

40: Ferratini M, Marianeschi S, Santoro F, Vitali E, Ripamonti V, De Maria R, Torri A, Pezzano A, Moraschi A, Tavano D, Pesaresi M, Martinelli L. Valvulopathies in sub-Saharan African children: patterns, humanitarian interventions and cardiac surgical problems. Int J Cardiol. 2013 May 10;165(2):237-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.069. Epub 2012 Mar 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 22464485.

41: Shahabuddin S, Ansari JA, Siddiqui FJ, Amanullah M, Sami SA. Redo coronary artery surgery; early and intermediate outcomes from a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011 Jan;61(1):31-5. PubMed PMID: 22368899.

42: Balachandran R, Nair SG, Gopalraj SS, Vaidyanathan B, Kumar RK. Dedicated pediatric cardiac intensive care unit in a developing country: Does it improve the outcome? Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2011 Jul;4(2):122-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.84648. PubMed PMID: 21976869; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3180967.

43: Wilamarta KV, Yuniadi Y, Rachmat J, Fakhri D, Hakim T, Anwar M. Adult congenital cardiac surgery in Indonesia. Cardiol Young. 2011 Dec;21(6):639-45. doi: 10.1017/S1047951111000552. Epub 2011 May 24. PubMed PMID: 21729515.

44: Doherty C, Holtby H. Pediatric cardiac anesthesia in the developing world. Paediatr Anaesth. 2011 May;21(5):609-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03492.x. Epub 2010 Dec 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 21199132.

45: Hariharan S, Chen D, Vialva M, Exeter H, Billingy I, Bobb KA, Rammekwa B, Reid D. Outcome evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery applying the EuroSCORE in a Caribbean developing country. Heart Surg Forum. 2010 Oct;13(5):E287-91. doi: 10.1532/HSF98.20101026. PubMed PMID: 20961827.

46: Sandoval N, Kreutzer C, Jatene M, Sessa TD, Novick W, Jacobs JP, Bernier PL,  Tchervenkov CI. Pediatric cardiovascular surgery in South america: current status and regional differences. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2010 Oct;1(3):321-7. doi: 10.1177/2150135110381391. PubMed PMID: 23804888.

47: Balachandran R, Nair SG, Kumar RK. Establishing a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit – Special considerations in a limited resources environment. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2010 Jan;3(1):40-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.64374. PubMed PMID: 20814475; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2921517.

48: Pezzella AT. Global aspects of cardiothoracic surgery with focus on developing countries. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2010 Jun;18(3):299-310. doi: 10.1177/0218492310370060. Review. PubMed PMID: 20519304.

49: Ashfaq A, Zia HA, Amanullah MM. Is early correction of congenital ventricular septal defect a better option in a developing country? J Pak Med Assoc. 2010 Apr;60(4):324-7. PubMed PMID: 20419985.

50: Lindblom D. [Heart surgery in Sudan. Experiences from a highly specialized cardiac surgical centre managed by an Italian humanitarian organization]. Lakartidningen. 2009 Sep 16-22;106(38):2370-3. Swedish. PubMed PMID: 19848344.

51: Donegani E. Open heart surgery in a developing country: why, who, how and when to operate on. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2009 Aug;50(4):565-8. PubMed PMID: 19734838.

52: Awori MN, Ogendo SW. Rachs-1 system in risk stratification for congenital heart disease surgery outcome. East Afr Med J. 2008 Jan;85(1):36-8. PubMed PMID: 18543525.

53: Wattenwyl R. Ten years after the initiation of congenital heart surgery in Guatemala: observations after a one year fellowship in the pediatric cardiac unit in a low income country. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Jun;56(4):205-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1038350. PubMed PMID: 18481238.

54: Larrazabal LA, Jenkins KJ, Gauvreau K, Vida VL, Benavidez OJ, Gaitán GA, Garcia F, Castañeda AR. Improvement in congenital heart surgery in a developing country: the Guatemalan experience. Circulation. 2007 Oct 23;116(17):1882-7. PubMed PMID: 17965404.

55: Stolf NA. Congenital heart surgery in a developing country: a few men for a great challenge. Circulation. 2007 Oct 23;116(17):1874-5. PubMed PMID: 17965401.

56: Siddiqui BK, Tariq M, Jadoon A, Murtaza G, Syed A, Bilal Abid M, Qamaruddin M, Atiq M, Smego RA. Infective endocarditis in patients with congenitally malformed hearts: characterization of the syndrome in a developing country. Cardiol Young. 2007 Dec;17(6):623-30. Epub 2007 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 17956654.

57: Bakshi KD, Vaidyanathan B, Sundaram KR, Roth SJ, Shivaprakasha K, Rao SG, Nair SG, Chengode S, Kumar RK. Determinants of early outcome after neonatal cardiac surgery in a developing country. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 Sep;134(3):765-71. PubMed PMID: 17723831.

58: Pezzella AT. Open heart surgery in a developing country. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2006 Aug;14(4):355-6. PubMed PMID: 16868118.

59: Hariharan S, Fakoory MT, Harris A, Moseley HS, Kumar AY. Outcome of elderly  patients undergoing open-heart surgery in a developing country. Int J Clin Pract. 2005 Aug;59(8):953-7. PubMed PMID: 16033619.

60: Ramphal PS, Coore DN, Craven MP, Forbes NF, Newman SM, Coye AA, Little SG, Silvera BC. A high fidelity tissue-based cardiac surgical simulator. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005 May;27(5):910-6. PubMed PMID: 15848335.

61: Novick WM, Anić D, Ivancan V, Di Sessa TG. International pediatric cardiac assistance in Croatia: results of the 10 year program. Croat Med J. 2004 Aug;45(4):389-95. PubMed PMID: 15311410.

62: Brousse V, Imbert P, Mbaye P, Kieffer F, Thiam M, Ka AS, Gerardin P, Sidi D.
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63: Kalangos A. “Hearts for all”: a humanitarian association for the promotion of cardiology and cardiac surgery in developing countries. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002  Jan;73(1):341-2. PubMed PMID: 11834050.

64: Bitar FF, Jawdi RA, Dbaibo GS, Yunis KA, Gharzeddine W, Obeid M. Paediatric  infective endocarditis: 19-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. Acta Paediatr. 2000 Apr;89(4):427-30. PubMed PMID: 10830454.

65: Schechter WS, Navedo A, Jordan D, Dominguez C, Hall S, Kichuck M, Galantowicz M, Michler RE, Delphin E. Paediatric cardiac anaesthesia in a developing country. Guatemala Heart Team. Paediatr Anaesth. 1998;8(4):283-92. PubMed PMID: 9672925.